![]() chrysolepis is found in a variety of forest communities in the southwestern United States. Distribution and habitat The trunk bark is gray and rough. Acorns occur solitarily or in pairs, exhibiting lengths of 2–5 cm these fruits are variable in size and shape, but generally ovoid, turban-like with a shallow, thick cup of scales densely covered with yellowish hairs the stalk is barely evident. The bark of the canyon live oak is grayish brown, and rather smooth or sometimes scaly. These leathery leaves are a glossy dark green above, with a nether surface a dull golden down, often becoming gray and nearly glabrous the second year. Although the leaves appear generally flat, they may have edge margins slightly turned under, typically with spiny teeth, particularly on young twigs. The elliptical to oblong leaves are 2.5 to 8 cm (1 to 3 + 1⁄ 4 in) in length and about half as wide they are short-pointed at the tip, and rounded or blunt at base. The largest known in the San Bernardino Mountains measures 38 m (124 ft) high, with a trunk circumference of 12 m (39 ft 4 in) and a crown spread of 30 m (98 ft). Exceptionally large specimens are found in the mountains of Southern California, and rank among the largest oaks in North America. The trunk diameter typically ranges from 30 to 100 centimeters (12 to 39 inches). Quercus chrysolepis is an evergreen tree with significant-sized spreading, horizontal branches, and a broad, rounded crown it attains a height of 6–30 meters (20–100 feet) and often forms as a shrub. It is placed in Quercus section Protobalanus. Its leaves are a glossy dark green on the upper surface with prominent spines a further identification arises from the leaves of canyon live oak being geometrically flat. ![]() This tree is often found near creeks and drainage swales growing in moist cool microhabitats. Pet rats are a joy to those who choose to share their lives with them.Quercus chrysolepis, commonly termed canyon live oak, canyon oak, golden cup oak or maul oak, is a North American species of evergreen oak that is found in Mexico and in the western United States, notably in the California Coast Ranges. A lot of this joy comes from rat personalities and behaviors. ![]() Who wouldn’t get a kick out of seeing pet rats explore the environment, check out a new toy, or snuggle into your shoulder? Pet rats share some of the behaviors you see in other, more common pets, but a few are unique to rats. Some words to describe most pet rats include: sociable, curious, and intelligent. All of these come into play for explaining why rats make such great companions. They enjoy being with their people, are curious about their people, and have the smarts to interact, explore, entertain, and be entertained. But these wonderful traits can also lead them into trouble. What behaviors can you expect if you share your home with pet rats? 1. Rats are generally quiet pets, at least to human ears. They usually vocalize in a range above normal human hearing. But even though we miss out on most of a rat’s “talk,” we do hear some of their vocalizations. Gentle chirps or clucks, grinding, squeaks, and hissing are a few of the vocalizations you will hear. The context usually gives you a hint about whether your rat is happy, content, upset, scared, or in pain. Often, higher-pitched, faster-tempo noises indicate a rat is disturbed. Rats are sociable and do best living in same-sex pairs or groups, but this doesn’t rule out play fighting. (Note: Introductions between rats should be done in neutral territory with treats. Always supervise newly introduced rats when together until you are certain they are getting along.) Rats seem to enjoy the occasional tussle with a cagemate: chasing, pinning, and some vocalizations are normal.
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